Current Educational Priorities and Concerns

The growing awareness of the benefits of education, the constitutional provision (a new constitution was adopted in 1987) for free and compulsory elementary education, the demand for education relevance and responsiveness to changing societal needs and the alarming rate of increase in the country’s population have contributed to the problem of providing education for all, a problem which becomes more serious each year. The Department of Education, Culture and Sports (now the Department of Education, DepED) has attempted to implement educational reforms, programmes and projects to address the key issues of access and quality of basic education, relevance and efficiency of the education system. However, many problems are besetting education in the Philippines. Among the school-related causes are the unqualified and poorly trained teachers, inadequate facilities and equipment, and lack of instructional materials (textbooks and teacher’s manuals). Non-school factors include poverty, low educational attainment and illiteracy of parents, and poor health and nutrition.                    

In recent years, the DepEd has pursued several development programmes and projects through government funding and overseas economic co-operation both multilateral and bilateral. The strategies to improve education include overall review of elementary and secondary education, universal access to and quality of education (notably by emphasizing teaching of English, science, technology and mathematics), provision of alternative delivery schemes (such as multigrade teaching, mobile teaching, and instructional management by parents, community and teachers in disaster areas), management training for principals and school administrators, development of research, improvement of school libraries and teachers’ welfare. Technical and vocational education was also revised in an effort to cope with rapid technological advancements and to provide young people with more meaningful preparation for their future employment. The strategies include curriculum development, improvement of pre- and in-service education of teachers in both public and private schools, updated instructional materials in various fields, and upgrading of equipment for both public and private institutions.             

At the higher education level, the strategies include improving access of the poor and disadvantaged, improving quality––notably by focusing on pre-service and in-service training of teachers––, liberalizing policies for private schools, rationalizing state colleges and universities (SUCs), and strengthening linkages with government professional boards for evaluation.                

Among the development programmes implemented in recent years, the following should be mentioned:             

The Elementary and Secondary Education Project: the aim of the project has been to meet the sector’s requirement for essential physical resources (facilities and equipment), especially in educationally and economically disadvantaged areas; improve the professional competence of teachers and school administrators; expand the population’s basic knowledge and the skills of children at risk of dropping out of school as well as illiterate out-of-school youth and adults; and further develop DepEd institutional capacities in planning and management of the education system.                 

Implementing the New Secondary Education Curriculum (1992-93): mass training of Grade IV teachers was undertaken, and complemented with the production and delivery of textbooks and teachers’ manuals to fully support the implementation of the new curriculum. The physical facilities component of the programme also provided for the construction of 673 packages of equipped and furnished academic classrooms, workshops and science laboratories to augment the accommodations problem in the secondary level.                  

The School Building Programme: this programme provides for the construction of classrooms, science laboratories and multi-purpose workshops, and the provision of equipment for instruction for selected elementary and secondary schools within the typhoon belt of the country and in remote and rural areas.                     

Science Teaching Improvement Project: this project aims to develop science equipment through research, prototype production, standards setting and tests, and expertise within the educational sector through workshops, seminars, and training of teachers and staff locally and abroad.                  

Science Equipment Project: this project addresses the pressing need of the public school system for instructional materials and equipment. The National Science Equipment Centre and three Regional Distribution/Service Centres were developed and institutionalized for the purpose of developing, testing, producing, and distributing science equipment to the public secondary schools.             

Rationalizing programme offerings of state colleges and universities on a regional basis: this programme aims at encourage specialization in each SUC and intra-regionally among SUCs with special emphasis on capital and land-intensive courses such as agriculture, technology and engineering, and technical education. It encourages  regional co-ordination among SUCs to minimize duplication of programme offerings.                     

Among the achievements, benefits and performance of the education system over a ten-year period (1986-95), the following should be mentioned:         

• Education has been given the highest budgetary priority in the national government budget.                     
• The New Elementary School Curriculum (NESC) and the New Secondary School Curriculum (NSSC) have been fully implemented.                     
• Free public secondary education has been implemented.               
• The programme of assistance for low-income students and faculty in private schools has been expanded.                       
• The Values Education Framework has been formulated and implemented.            
• Centres of excellence in teacher education have been established.            
• Professionalization of the teaching profession has been achieved through the Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994.                    
• The National Elementary Achievement Test for Grade VI pupils and the National Secondary Achievement Test for Form IV high school students have been administered.                  
• Student contact time has increased through a lengthened school calendar and additional time for English, science and mathematics.                
• Science education has been strengthened through the establishment of regional science high schools, the formulation and implementation of the Science and Technology Education Plan, the establishment of the Regional Science Teaching Centres, and the organization of the National Science Teaching Instrumentation Centre.                       
• Policies governing private education have been liberalized––notably as regards curriculum requirements and tuition fee policy––to promote efficiency, autonomy and responsiveness.               
• Educational performance during the period has improved, as indicated by the literacy rate, the improved enrolment rate at the primary and secondary levels, the decrease of repetition rates, and the provision of textbooks and instructional materials.           

The DepEd will continue to provide access to basic education. In accordance with the broadening of accessibility to basic education, the programme commitment has the following components: (a) establishment of a school in every barangay not having an elementary school and in every town without a high school (a barangay is the basic governmental unit in the country’s political structure, consisting of a number of families within the same geographic area); (b) organization of multigrade classrooms; (c) completion of incomplete elementary schools; and (d) provision of basic instructional materials, facilities and equipment at the elementary and high school levels.                    

In addition, the Master Plan for Basic Education (1996-2005) has the mandate of modernizing education. The programme is being pursued through the introduction of modern instructional materials––such as computers and Internet, videos, well equipped science laboratories and machine shops as well as libraries––to enrich instruction through training programmes and further studies, including staff development abroad, teaching techniques and teachers’ mastery of subject matter. Training programmes will also be provided for the upgrading of managerial skills in planning, project and fund management as well as resource management and community mobilization. Information and telecommunication systems will serve as basic tools for carrying out educational administration and supervision.