| 3
|
Promote
Gender Equality and empower women |
TARGET
4: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and
secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of
education no later than 2015 |
STATUS |
*
Female to male ratio of access to education at the primary
and junior secondary levels show to be closer to 100%.
* There is gender parity at the primary level but gender ratios
at the junior secondary level tent to be more than 100%, indicating
a slightly higher proportion of enrolled females to males.
*
Both public and Islamic schools have high number of over-age
students.
*
Gender stereotyping still prevails in the country.
Social sciences are female-dominated while the technical
sciences are male-dominated.
*
Literacy has remained high over the past decades.
*
The share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural
sector reached 37.6% in 1998 but dropped to 28.3% in 2002.
* There was a decrease in women representation in the Parliament
from 12% in 1992 to 1997, to 9% in 2000. |
*
In school year 1999-2000, girls had higher participation rates
both in the elementary (97.1%) and high school (68.3%).
* Literacy rates are higher for women.
* Given the opportunity, girls have higher survival rates
in school. Because they tend to stay longer in school, women
are grater in number than men pursuing higher education.
* Women have managed to penetrate territories once traditionally
dominated by men, like military schools.
* On employment, the labor force participation rate (LFPR)
of women rose from 47.5% in 1990 to 52.9% in 1999.
* More than half of all employed women were in the informal
sector doing home-based work, domestic service, and animal
and vegetable raising, etc.
* In governance, women are increasingly becoming visible as
leaders and decision makers in the various sectors in society. |
*
Girls and boys have equal educational opportunities.
*
There is a small gender gap at the primary level.
*
In universities, women outnumber men.
* Gender disparities apparent by field of study.Men dominate
the fields of engineering, architecture, law, math and computer
science.
*
Older women, lower literacy rates.
*
Continuing education closes the gender gap
*
Women behind in wages and conditions.
* Women political representation remains low.
* While women represent 59% of all civil service positions,
they only hold 14% of high-level executive positions.
* Crime against women continues to rise.
*
Many women face abuse and violence at home and within the
family. |
| CHALLENGES |
*
Improving the quality and relevance of education.
*
Making education services accessible to all.
*
Instill values of gender equity and fairness among children.
*
Addressing the socio-cultural factors that influence parents’
and communities’ perceptions on the role of girls.
* Meeting security concerns that affect girls’ access to education.
* Eliminating legal practices that encourage inequality and
discrimination against women. |
*
Attention should be given to the growing phenomenon of boys
being disadvantaged in terms of quality outcome and retention
in the school system.
*
Need to strengthen efforts to remove the stereotype contents
of textbooks and other instructional materials being used
in the classroom.
* Enhancing the relevance of the school curriculum, eliminating
gender biases.
*
Strengthening the gender perspective of teachers and even
parents, especially regarding career counseling.
* Overcoming obstacles to education such as multiple burdens
of the girl-child who, unlike her male counterpart, carries
more domestic responsibilities.
*
Government should continue to implement its policies and programs
on employment generation, preservation, enhancement, and facilitation.
* It should also improve generation of sex-disaggregated data
in order to determine the needs and situation of women and
men.
*
To enhance women’s leadership roles and participation in decision-making,
the government should promote gender-responsive management
and leadership. |
*
Closing the remaining gender gaps in education.
*
Increasing opportunities for women in decision-making.
* Reducing violence against women.
* Promoting knowledge of gender issues and women’s rights.
*
Improving collection, analysis and use of gender-disaggregated
data. |
